Technologies | Efficiency | Nanoparticle delivery | Primary cell applicability | Viability | Scalability (per run) |
Cost |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Electroporation | ![]() (depends on cell and cargo type) |
![]() (high Stokes drag) |
![]() (low viability) |
![]() (depends on cell type) |
High (104-106 cells per run) |
$10K to 100K |
Microinjection | ![]() (theoretically high) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() (depends on cell type) |
Low (100 cells per hour) |
$10K (injector only) |
Viral transduction | ![]() (limited in DNA size) |
![]() (packaging failure) |
![]() |
![]() (mutagenesis concern) |
Low to High (depends on viral amount) |
High (preparation) |
Lipofection | ![]() (depends on cell and cargo type) |
![]() (packaging failure) |
![]() (low efficiency for suspension cells) |
![]() (depends on cell type) |
Low to High (depends on reagent amount) |
$1K/50 tests |
Hydroporator™ | ![]() (>90% for human primary T cell) |
![]() (> 300 nm) |
![]() (immunocyte, stem cell....) |
![]() (> 80%) |
High (106 cells per min per channel) |
~$1 (chip fabrication) |
Table reference: “Microfluidic and nanofluidic intracellular delivery”, Advanced Science (IF=16.806), 2004595 (2021)
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